{"id":12645,"date":"2019-12-14T11:19:13","date_gmt":"2019-12-14T10:19:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/agroicultura.com\/general\/?p=12645"},"modified":"2022-08-13T12:12:19","modified_gmt":"2022-08-13T10:12:19","slug":"las-agallas-de-las-plantas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/agroicultura.com\/general\/las-agallas-de-las-plantas\/","title":{"rendered":"Las agallas de las plantas"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><p>[vc_row][vc_column]<div class=\"text-block\" ><div class=\"simple-text size-3\"><p><strong>La Bot\u00e1nica de Rafael Escrig (19<\/strong>)<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"text-block\" ><div class=\"simple-text size-4\"><p>Las llamadas agallas que presentan en sus hojas algunas especies de \u00e1rboles, son el resultado de una fascinante y compleja interacci\u00f3n entre la planta y un insecto.<br \/>\nEl insecto \u2014generalmente un d\u00edptero\u2014, con el taladro de su ovopositor practica un orificio en uno de los nervios del tejido de la planta e inocula los huevos hasta su interior; cuando los huevos eclosionan, las larvas comienzan a alimentarse provocando al mismo tiempo\u00a0una reacci\u00f3n profundamente compleja en la planta que culmina en la formaci\u00f3n de una agalla. La planta, que ha respondido a la acci\u00f3n del insecto, produce la agalla, pero es la larva de \u00e9ste en su interior la que resulta beneficiada, al obtener alimento a trav\u00e9s de la rica capa de tejido nutritivo que la rodea, adem\u00e1s de protecci\u00f3n frente a las condiciones ambientales y el ataque de predadores. Cuando la larva est\u00e9 desarrollada practicar\u00e1 un orificio en la agalla y saldr\u00e1 por \u00e9l.<br \/>\nEsta compleja interacci\u00f3n planta-animal es el resultado, a trav\u00e9s de sucesivas fases de gran complejidad, a lo largo de la historia evolutiva desde el Cret\u00e1cico.<br \/>\nEn el caso de las hayas el insecto es el mosquito <em>Mikiola fagi<\/em>, el que hace la puesta y provoca la reacci\u00f3n del \u00e1rbol produciendo la agalla que le servir\u00e1 de cobijo y alimento. En el caso del roble y la encina es una avispa de tan s\u00f3lo unos mil\u00edmetros, la <em>Perichistus brandtii<\/em>, m\u00e1s conocida como avispa del roble.<\/p>\n<p>(La fotograf\u00eda de presentaci\u00f3n est\u00e1 tomada de la web https:\/\/elguadarramista.com\/2016\/01\/09\/relaciones-planta-insecto-en-la-sierra-de-guadarrama-el-caso-de-las-agallas-vegetales\/)<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div  class=\"empty-space  marg-lg-b40\"><\/div>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_btn title=&#8221;Lea y\/o desc\u00e1rguese la rese\u00f1a en PDF con las ilustraciones aqu\u00ed&#8221; link=&#8221;url:https%3A%2F%2Fagroicultura.com%2Fgeneral%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2019%2F12%2FLAS-AGALLAS-DE-LAS-PLANTAS-.pdf||target:%20_blank|&#8221;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row][vc_column][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_btn title=&#8221;Lea y\/o desc\u00e1rguese la rese\u00f1a en PDF con las ilustraciones aqu\u00ed&#8221; link=&#8221;url:https%3A%2F%2Fagroicultura.com%2Fgeneral%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2019%2F12%2FLAS-AGALLAS-DE-LAS-PLANTAS-.pdf||target:%20_blank|&#8221;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":12646,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[20,509,510],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12645","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-agroecologia","category-botanica-escrig","category-series"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/agroicultura.com\/general\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/andricus-quercustozae_pyre.jpg","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p4Dh6a-3hX","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":12817,"url":"https:\/\/agroicultura.com\/general\/una-sudafricana-cosmopolita\/","url_meta":{"origin":12645,"position":0},"title":"Una 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